Volume 6, Number 1, Spring 2011
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ABSTRACTS
RESEARCH PAPERS:
NICOSIA - CONCERTED RETAILING
by Rudi Kaufmann, Werner Gronau & Savvas Sakkadas
Nicosia,
the last divided European city, is only able to skim a small portion
of the tourist purchasing power compared to the other tourism strongholds
of the island and, at the same time, does not utilize the existing cultural
potential in an efficient way. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute
to the valorisation of the existing potential in a customer oriented
manner. Concerted international (UN Nicosia Master Plan) and national
(Strategic Plan 2010) strategies reflect the intended revival endeavours.
For this new orientation to be successful the paper hypothesizes an
effective interplay between tourism and retailing to happen and, for
this reason, analyses the motives and satisfaction levels of tourists
to Nicosia with regards to both, tourism and retailing offers. The paper
focuses on the tourist segment with higher educational levels (and implicitly
higher financial potential) as the communication objectives foresee
to position the island mainly in the mind of this segment. The paper
concludes, in line with recent developments with regard to tourist consumer
profiles, that the concept of authenticity plays an increasing role
when explaining the satisfaction levels of this specific segment and
provides practical recommendations.
LOCAL RESIDENTS' PREFERENCES FOR SECOND HOME TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
POLICIES: A CHOICE EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS
by Ali Asgary, Mohammad Reza Rezvani
& Nader Mehregan
This paper is concerned with the preferences of the rural residents living in areas subject to rapid second home tourism development in Iran. Since second home development could have positive and negative social, cultural, economical and environmental impacts for local residents, planning policies should take into consideration public opinions and preferences for future planning and developments. Using a choice experiment method, we attempt to estimate the values that the rural households in Tehran province would place on different impacts of second home development policies.
THE MANAGEMENT OF UNCERTAINTY IN TOURISM:
STRATEGIC PARADOXES AND COMMUNICATION
by Arlette Bouzon & Joelle Devillard
The
design of new tourism products necessarily enters into the realm of
uncertainty. Such uncertainty concerns the product developed and its
later use as much as the way the design project is conducted. It can
be linked to events either within or outside the firm. It will be considered
to be acceptable by the design team concerned as long as it remains
within a field of tolerance (domain of performance, “margin for
random effects”, etc.), with the risk relating to how to egress
from that domain. The first section addresses the issue of uncertainty
in design and concerns the developed product and its later use just
as the way the design project is pursued. The second section focuses
on decision-making and how the various risks that can affect the firm
and its environment are taken into account.
COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:
A CASE STUDY
by Tomas Lopez-Guzman, Sandra Sanchez-Canizares
& Victor Pavon
Community-based
Tourism is gaining prestige all over the world as an alternative to
mass tourism. This new type of tourism favours a contact with the local
community and the experimentation of different sensations. In this paper
we show a study carried out in El Salvador about the opinions that residents
have in order to develop a tourist destination based on the hospitality
of hosts, on the remarkable ecologic resources of the area, and in the
important of the role of the residents. The methodology is based on
an empirical study realized in a rural area from September to November
2008. Most outstanding result is the local community perception that
tourist development can create jobs and generate wealth, although it
is necessary previous technical training from private and public institutions
to fulfil these objectives.
ETHICAL APPROACHES AND THEIR APPLICATION
IN HOTEL MANAGERS' DECISION MAKING
by Hatice Guclu Nergiz, Meryem Akoglan Kozak
& Sabah Balta
This study aims at evaluating the ethical approaches effective for managers working at hotel business when making decisions. Ethics, in the working place, refers to the rules of the workplace that an employee has to comply with, along with the rules of society. In the study, the concept of ethics has been examined within theories of ethics, followed by a conceptual framework of making ethical decisions. The scope of the study consists of interviews conducted with 60 managers working in a chain hotel. The interview consists of 5 different scenarios relating to ethical dilemmas. The scenarios are composed of three different ethics approaches (moral justice approach, subjective approach and contract -based theoretical approach). In the analysis of the data, the Manova Analysis was carried out. The results suggest that managers prefer the contract -based theoretical approach more frequently in decision making. It was also found that managers differ in their choice of ethical approaches in terms of the scenarios. This difference is caused by subjective approaches which are used when dealing with problems related to socio-cultural and institutional reputation and ecology.
GENDERED LEISURE: ARE WOMEN MORE CONSTRAINED
IN TRAVEL FOR LEISURE?
by Sonia Khan
The equality
of genders has always remained a contentious issue. Every sphere of
life is characterized by differential status ascribed to men and women.
It has been argued that women have long been the disadvantaged gender
in leisure. Taking specifically the case of travel for leisure, this
study is an attempt to explore if socio-demographic factors like family
responsibilities, dominance of spouse and/or family, employment status,
and one’s gender are dominant in governing travel decisions and
to what extent theses are perceived as constraints by male and female
tourists. This comparative study of genders arrives at the finding that
gender is the detrimental factor for women in participation in travel
for leisure. For men, time limitation associated with employment is
the major constraint restricting their freedom to travel. Women remain
relatively more constrained by familial responsibilities but in today’s
world women cannot be identified as the disadvantaged gender in leisure.
MARKET SEGMENTATION IN WINE TOURISM: A COMPARISON
OF APPROACHES
by Maria Alebaki & Olga Iakovidou
In an attempt to approach wine tourism as a form of consumer behaviour, a substantial amount of research has focused on the demand-side, exploring the consumers who travel to wine regions. Despite the fact that there is no single, stereotypical “wine tourist”, some distinctive characteristics regarding demographics, motivations or wine lifestyle can be drawn from literature. Several authors have recently addressed this issue and developed various wine tourist typologies, on the basis both of socio-economic and psychographic data. The objective of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the wine tourist, taking into account the different approaches for profiling and segmentation that have been used in recent studies.
SECOND HOMES AND THE NEED FOR POLICY PLANNING
by Juan Gabriel Brida, Linda Osti &
Esther Santifaller
For years second home tourism has been an issue of discussion between tourist experts, real estate agents and politicians in both Mediterranean countries and Alpine destinations, however it has not raised much concern in academic circles. The aim of this paper is to analyze the second home phenomenon in order to acquire a better understanding of the overall situation and give an insight into the aspects and needs for policy planning. For this purpose South Tyrol has been taken as a case study, and a comprehensive overview of the situation has been determined through both quantitative and qualitative investigation on opinions and attitudes of second home owners, local residents, politicians, real estate agents. The outcome of this paper is a holistic picture of the phenomenon, which examines the positive and negative impacts and shows the need for public regulation through land use planning.
.
by James Leigh
Mass international tourism has thrived on the abundant and cheap supply of energy, and this may be about to change as the world moves towards “Peak Oil”. The resultant scarcity and high price of all energy fuels will produce changes in human activities across the board, and specifically in tourism. In this looming transitional era, which has probably already arrived, tourism needs to make some dramatic changes to harmonize with the new realities of a post-energy world and its new society.
.
by A. Akin Aksu & Sevcan Yildiz
This study
shows result of training using return on investment (ROI) method for
a 5-star hotel in the Antalya Region of Turkey. This study makes a valuable
contribution to a range of pertinent literatures. ROI measurement has
identified that a return on investment (payback period) is in the order
of 4.5 months for the hotel under investigation. This finding might
be regarded as acceptable when taken in context to the cost of software
programs.
CASE STUDIES:
MICE TOURISM IN PIEDMONT: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
by Filippo Monge & Paolo Brandimarte
In
this case study we describe an ongoing effort by Piedmont Region to
foster MICE tourism in Turin and surrounding areas. This seems one of
the promising ways to overcome the traditional image of an industrial
city dominated by car industry. We set this effort within a more general
framework, describing first results obtained by a pilot study and outlining
future directions.
NAUTICAL TOURISM IN FOSTERING THE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF CROATIA’S COAST AND ISLAND
by Mirjana Kovacic, Zvonko Grzetic
& Desimir Boskovic
This
paper presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the economic,
social and environmental aspects of developing nautical tourism. It
examines the problems of sitting and selecting the location of a nautical
port, and it identifies economic and political, and socio-cultural factors.
The paper brings out the importance of balanced development of a port
of nautical tourism as a primary determinant of the integrated management
of the marine domain. Due to its manifold multiplier effects, nautical
tourism is a major branch of tourism that has great potential for development
in Croatia. The paper points out the importance of systematically valorising
the potential of nautical tourism on the principles of sustainable development,
while encouraging and raising the nautical-tourism offering to a higher
level. It underlines the need to enlarge the capacities of nautical-tourism
ports, especially on Croatia’s islands, thus helping to increase
the standard of living of coastal residents. In doing so, the development
process must take into account the principles of spatial organisation
and the needs of people living and working within the territory of a
nautical-tourism destination.
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM, DOMESTIC TOURISM AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION CAN FIND THE BALANCE
by Constantina Skanavis & Maria Sakellari
Tourism researchers
have begun to study the phenomenon of domestic tourism, especially in
developing countries. The growth of research interest in domestic tourism
in developing countries underpins a stream of research in developed
countries. The analysis reveals the appeal of these distinctive forms
of tourism, international and domestic with regards to leisure, recreation
and tourism patterns, but also highlights potential limitations including
the dilemma of how to deal with the question of environmental quality
that is affected by prevailing international and domestic tourism activities.
Impacts of climate change on domestic and international tourism and
environmental impacts caused by domestic and international tourism are
highlighted. This paper suggests that Environmental Education is the
key to this critical area concerning domestic tourism, international
globalized tourism and environmental impacts.
ECOTOURISM AND
ITS IMPACT ON THE REGIONAL ECONOMY – A STUDY OF NORTH BENGAL (INDIA)
by
Madhusudan Karmakar
Ecotourism,
the nature based travel with emphasis on education, management, development
of sustainable tourism product and activity and wellbeing of the local
people is not simply a marginal activity to finance protection of the
environment but it has proved to be an engine of growth in many economies
of the world. Eco tourism has been recognized as the backbone of economies
of many countries. North Bengal being the northern territory of West
Bengal of India is fortunate for its rich ecotourism destinations. The
present paper will explore the ecotourism landscape of this tract of
India. It will also reflect an overview of its impact on the regional
economy with six case studies. The paper will be concluded with some
problems and management strategies of ecotourism activity of the area.
by Maximiliano E. Korstanje
Even
though researchers give considerable attention to the means of transport
in tourism fields, it is unfortunate that cars played a secondary role
in this concern. Basically, the present brief work focuses on a gap
in tourism and managerial literature, the rent-a-car market in Argentina.
Under such a context, the present comment-piece is aimed at synthesizing
10 years of experience in this kind of organizations as consultant wherein
we have come across with situations of underdevelopment and misinformation
about the opportunities of rental businesses. With emphasis on the problems
and advantages that renting companies show by respecting to other services,
it is important to note that the loophole in legal support looks to
be for this activity an increasing limitation for further enhancement
in Argentina.
RESEARCH NOTES:
ASSESSMENT OF NATURE-BASED TOURISM IN SOUTH
KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
by Azizan Marzuki, Abdul Aziz Hussin, Badaruddin Mohamed, Abdul
Ghapar Othman & Ahmad Puad Mat Som
Nature-based
tourism is an important part of the global tourism industry, and its
components and features vary considerably from one destination to another.
In Malaysia, location, quality and quantity of natural resources, and
their infrastructure have not been well documented in the past. Thus,
this paper attempts to assess the potential of natural tourism destinations
in South Kelantan, by selecting fifteen destinations such as waterfalls
and caves as case studies. Based on GIS application, 23 indicators for
tourism destination assessment were investigated using observation and
checklist techniques. The destinations were further classified based
on physical features, infrastructure and accessibility. The results
showed that 3 destinations were in the first category, 11 in the second
category and only one destination in the third category. This study
found that GIS application is effective in providing higher quality
of information for natural tourism destination, which is an essential
tool for decision making process.
THE ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN NIGERIA
by Ibrahim Jaro Musa & Buba Adamu Ndawayo
This paper examines
the relationship between transportation and the development of tourism
in Nigeria. An attempt is made to quantitatively test the relationship
between presence of transportation (as measured by road connectivity,
road condition) and tourism development (as measured by location national
parks) in Nigeria. It was found out that there are eight national parks
located in different states in Nigeria. The analysis was conducted at
two levels, the disaggregate and the aggregate. In the aggregate case,
indexes of road connectivity is related to levels of tourism development
(as measured by locations of national parks) within Nigeria. In the
analysis at the disaggregate level multiple linear regression was used
to explains the relationship between development of tourism and indexes
of road development. Also the percentage method was used to support
the result of the analysis. A major finding of the study is that transportation
is a significant determinant of tourism development in the Nigeria.
However, other factors which include availability of recreational and
social facilities and security also play positive role because they
encourage patronage. It was also found out that some of the national
parks are well connected while some are poorly connected. Importantly,
those not well connected have large number of good games, have rich
ecosystem and fauna. The conclusion arrived at is that transportation
plays important role in the development of tourism in Nigeria. Other
key role factors which require attention are finance, protection, security
and recreational facilities for relaxation.
BOOK REVIEWS:
THE
IMPOSSIBLE TRAVEL: TOURISM AND ITS IMAGES, reviewed by Maximiliano Korstanje
EVENTFUL CITIES, reviewed by Marianna Sigala
CONFERENCE REPORTS:
ANNUAL EUROCHRIE CONFERENCE,
ANNUAL ATLAS CONFERENCE,
